GRACE BIBLE FELLOWSHIP | 恩道堂

If you have ever found it difficult or impossible to fulfill a promise, the message of this chapter is for you.

如果你曾发现自己很难或甚至不可能履行承诺，本篇章的信息就是给你的。

In a moment of extreme joy or trial, a Jew might make a vow to God, offering to give Him something valuable in return for His blessing. (See Judges 11:29–40; Jonah 2:9.) The vow might involve people (vv. 1–8), animals (vv. 9–13, 26–27), property (vv. 14–25), or produce (vv. 30–33).

在一时极度的兴奋或试炼下，一个犹太人可能会向神许愿，承诺献上一些有价值的东西，以换取祂的祝福。（见士11:29-40；拿2:9）。这誓言可能包括了人（1-8节）、动物（9-13，26-27节）、产业（14-25节）或农作物（30-33节）。

If the person could not fulfill the vow, he was not permitted to back out, nor could he offer a cheaper substitute. He had to give the priest the equivalent in money, plus one-fifth more. This chapter tells the priest how to evaluate the gift so that the Lord would receive the right amount, for the money was used for the work of the sanctuary. The word valuation is used nineteen times.

就算这人不能履行誓言，他绝不得反悔，也不得以较廉价的东西作替代；他必须给祭司所估定的价值以外加上五分之一。本章告知祭司要如何估定价值，以确保所归给耶和华的是妥当的，因为这笔钱是用在圣所的事工上。“估值”这词共出现19次。

Talk is not “cheap”; rash promises can be very expensive. It behoves us to be careful when we experience great joy or great sorrow, lest we make promises to God that we cannot keep. (See Prov. 20:25; Eccles. 5:4–5.) Yes, you can give God something else, but be sure it is equivalent to the original offer—and let Him do the evaluating.

我们不得妄言，因为随意许下的承诺可以是很昂贵的。因此当处在极度的喜乐或悲伤时，我们理当小心，免得向神做出无法遵守的承诺（见箴20:25；传5:4-5）。是的，你可以以同等的价值赎回承诺，但切让神来估定这诺言的价值。

Praying the Scripture 用经文祷告

1. It seems strange that this book should end with a chapter on vows rather than with an account of a special demonstration of God’s glory and holiness. But our promises to God must be as inviolable as His covenant with us. “Do not be rash with your mouth, and let not your heart utter anything hastily before God” (Ecc. 5:2). “It is a snare for a man to devote rashly something as holy, and afterward to reconsider his vows” (Prov. 20:25).

这本书竟以誓言，而不是神荣耀和圣洁的奇特彰显作结尾——这似乎很奇怪。但是，我们向神许下的承诺和祂与我们所立约的是同样有效、不可侵犯的。“你在神面前不可冒失开口，也不可心急发言。”（传5:2）“人冒失说，这是圣物，许愿之后才查问，就是自陷网罗。”（箴20:25）

2. The major lesson of this chapter is that God expects us to keep our commitments to Him and be honest in all our dealings with Him. We must not try to negotiate “a better deal” or to escape responsibilities. It’s good to give money to the Lord, but giving money isn’t always an acceptable way to express our devotion to God. That money might be a substitute for the service we ought to be rendering to the Lord. What Samuel said to King Saul needs to be heard today: “Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams” (1 Sam. 15:22).

本章最主要的功课就是神要我们遵守向祂许下的承诺，也要与祂以诚相待。我们不应该向神讨价还价或逃避责任。向神奉献金钱固然好，但金钱并非总是向神表达忠诚最妥当的方式。这笔钱可能是用来代替我们应该向主献上的服事。撒母耳向扫罗王所说的话，我们今日也要聆听：“听命胜于献祭；顺从胜于公羊的脂油。”（撒上15:22）

3. Finally, we need to remember that Jesus Christ paid with His own life the redemption price for sinners, and we weren’t worth it. He redeemed us not with silver and gold but with His own precious blood (1 Peter 1:18–19). Any sacrifice we make for Him is nothing compared to the sacrifice He made for us.

最后，我们要谨记耶稣基督以自己的生命为不配的罪人付了赎价。基督不是凭着能朽坏的金银等物将我们赎回，乃付上了自己的宝血（彼前1:18-19）。相比之下，我们为祂所做的任何牺牲都不算什么了。

Covenant 所立的约 (1–13).

God used the word covenant eight times in this chapter. It reminded the people of their special relationship with Him and the responsibilities belonging to that relationship. If they obeyed the terms of the covenant, they would remain in the Promised Land and enjoy His blessings. God does not promise material success to His new covenant people today, but He does promise to be with us and meet our every need.

神在本章用了“所立的约”这词约有8次。这提醒会众他们与神的特殊关系，和其中所包含的责任。如果他们遵守神立约的条件，他们将得以留在应许之地，并享受神的祝福。今天，​​神没应予许新约下的百姓世俗上的成功，但祂答应要与我们同在，并满足我们一切所需。

Chastening 管教 (14–39).

God’s covenant included both blessing and chastening, for God will not share His goodness with rebellious children. Enjoying the gifts while insulting the Giver is both selfish and idolatrous. We should obey God, not to “deserve” His blessings or even to avoid His chastening, but to show our love to Him and our desire to please His heart.

神的约包括祝福和惩罚，因为神不会与叛逆的孩子分享自己的善良。享受礼物的同时却侮辱那位赐下礼物的，既自私又盲目。我们必须顺服神，但其目的不是为了得到“应得”的祝福，也不是为避开神的管教。我们顺服是为了表明对神的爱，并乐意讨祂的喜悦。

Confession 认罪 (40–46).

A gracious God always leaves the door open for restoration. That is one loving purpose of His chastening hand (Heb. 12:1–13). The people may break their promises to God (v. 15), but God will never break His promises to His people (v. 44). God forgets our sins but remembers His covenant! This is not an excuse for sin, but it is an encouragement for sinners to repent and return to the Lord.

一位满有恩典的神总希望我们会与祂和好。这就是祂管教我们背后的用心和爱意（来12:1-13）。人可以违背向神所许的愿（15节），但神却从不违背祂对子民所赐下的应许（44节）。神能不记念我们的罪，但却牢记自己所立的约！这不能成为我们犯罪的借口，而是要鼓励罪人悔改，归向耶和华。

Praying the Scripture 用经文祷告

1. In Leviticus 26, to obey God is to “walk in His statutes” (v. 3), but to disobey Him is to “walk contrary” to the Lord and despise His statutes (vv. 15, 21, 23–24, 27–28, 40–41). The word translated “contrary” means “a hostile meeting with the intention of fighting.” If I’m walking one direction and God is walking another, I’m moving away from His presence; and God isn’t about to change His direction! If I continue to walk contrary to Him, I’m going to have serious problems; for “can two walk together, except they be agreed?” (Amos 3:3) Let’s pray that we will walk with Him.

在利未记26章中，顺服神就是“遵行祂的律例”（3节），但违背神是在鄙视主的律例、“背弃” 祂（15，21，23-24，27-28，40-41节）。“背弃”这词意思是“有意对抗的敌对”。如果我走向一方而神走向另一方，我便逐渐远离了祂；但，神不会改变祂的方向！如果我继续与主背驰，我将面临严重的问题，因为“二人若不同心，岂能同行呢？”（摩3:3）请祷告，叫我们会与主同行。

2. “For whom the Lord loves He chastens, and scourges every son whom He receives” (Heb. 12:6; see Prov. 3:11–12). Israel’s special relationship to Jehovah brought with it the obligation to obey His voice and glorify His name. “You only have I known [chosen] of all the families of the earth: therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities” (Amos 3:2). Privilege brings with it responsibility, and no nation has enjoyed more spiritual privileges from the Lord than the people of God. Let’s thank God for His love.

“因为主所爱的，他必管教，又鞭打凡所收纳的儿子”（来12:6；见箴3:11-12）。以色列与耶和华特殊的关系随之带来的是听从神、荣耀祂名的义务。“在地上万族中，我只认识你们；因此，我必追讨你们的一切罪孽。”（摩3:2）。特权总与责任相并，而再也没有国家能比神子民所享受的属灵特权更多了。让我们感谢神对我们的爱。

3. Even in the worst situations, however, there is always hope; for the Lord is “merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin” (Ex. 34:6–7). His covenant with His people never changes; and if we confess our sins and repent, He will forgive and restore (Lev. 26:40; 1 Kings 8:33–34; Neh. 9:2; 1 John 1:9).

即使在最糟的情况下，我们还是有希望的，因主“是有怜悯有恩典的神，不轻易发怒，并有丰盛的慈爱和诚实，为千万人存留慈爱，赦免罪孽、过犯，和罪恶”（出34：6-7）。祂与子民所立的约永不改变。我们若承认自己的罪并悔改，祂必赦免并与我们和好（利26:40；王上8:33-34；尼9:2；约一1:9）。

Resources 资源

The Sabbatical Year (vv. 1–7) and the Year of Jubilee (vv. 8–55; jubal means “to blow a trumpet”) were based on two propositions: “The land is Mine” (v. 23), and “The children of Israel are My servants” (vv. 42; 55). God owns the land; we are stewards of what He has shared with us. We must use His resources wisely for His glory, for one day we must give an account of our stewardship (Luke 16:1ff.).

安息年（1-7节）和禧年（8-55节，jubal之意为“吹角”）是基于两个主张：“地是我的”（23节）和“以色列人是我的仆人”（42,55节）。地是属于神的；我们只是祂的管家。我们必须明智地使用祂的资源，为祂的荣耀而行，因为到了那日，我们必须为所经管的一切作交代（路16:1）。

Rest 休息

There was also an ecological purpose behind these laws, for obedience to them would grant rest to the land, to the beasts who helped work the land, and to the people. Along with the weekly Sabbath, the two events reminded Israel that rest and work go together and that people and God-given resources must not be exploited.

这些法律背后也有生态意义；若能遵守这些律法，土地、耕耘的兽禽和工人都能得到休息。与每周的安息日一样，这两件事都提醒以色列人安息与工作是并齐的，而他们也不能剥削工人和神所赐予的资源。

Riches 财富

There was an economic purpose, for God had a concern for the poor and afflicted (vv. 25, 35, 39, 47). Had Israel obeyed the law of the Year of Jubilee, it would have helped to balance the economy, and the rich would have had difficulty exploiting the poor.

这也包含了经济效应的目的，因为神关心困苦贫乏的人（第25，35，39，47节）。如果以色列遵守禧年的律法，这有助于经济的平衡，而富人也不能轻易剥削穷人了。

Responsibility 责任

But the overriding purpose was spiritual, a reminder that Jehovah was Lord of both the land and the people, and that Israel had the responsibility to trust Him for everything. They could not sow during either the forty-ninth or fiftieth year but had to wait for the harvest of the fifty-first year. That would take faith (vv. 18–22)!

但最重要的就是属灵的含义，因为律法提醒民众耶和华就是土地和百姓的主，而以色列有义务在一切事上信靠耶和华。他们不得在第49和第50年播种，必须等待第51个年头的收成。这是需要信心的（18-22节）！

Praying the Scripture 用经文祷告

1. The focus in chapters 25 and 26 is on Israel in their land. In fact, the word “land” is used thirty-nine times in these two chapters. The Lord’s statement in verse 2 (“When you enter the land I am going to give you”) must have been a great encouragement to Moses, especially after Israel failed to claim their inheritance at Kadesh-Barnea and had to wander in the wilderness (Num. 13–14). God not only gave His people their land and their food, but He also gave them special “times” to observe so that the land would not be ravaged and spoiled. God is concerned about ecology and the way we treat His creation. Like the ancient Jews, we today are but stewards of God’s gifts; we must be careful not to abuse or waste them.

第25和26章的重点是以色列在他们的土地上当行的事。事实上，“土地”这词在这两章共出现39次。主在第2节所说的话（“你们到了我所赐你们那地的时候”）必带给摩西很大的鼓励，因为以色列未能在加低斯巴尼亚拿下土地而必须在旷野里流浪（民13-14）。神不仅将土地和食物赐给百姓，也要他们遵守特殊的“日子”，以确保土地不会被蹂躏和毁坏。神关心生态，也在意我们如何对待祂的造物。像古代犹太人一样，我们今日也只是神恩赐的管家；我们必须小心，不得滥用或浪费这些资源。

2. We have no biblical evidence that the Jews ever celebrated the Sabbath Year, in fact, the Bible indicates that they didn’t: “To fulfil the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her sabbaths: for as long as she lay desolate she kept sabbath, to fulfil threescore and ten years” (2 Chron. 36:21). God sent Israel into Babylonian exile for seventy years in order to give the land the rest it needed (Jer. 25:8–11; 29:10). This suggests that for nearly 500 years, the Jews had disobeyed God’s law concerning the Sabbath Year.

我们没有圣经依据显示犹太人曾守安息日年；事实上，圣经说他们根本没守过：“这就应验耶和华藉耶利米口所说的话：地享受安息；因为地土荒凉便守安息，直满了七十年。”（代下36:21）神使以色列在巴比伦流亡70年，好让土地可以得到安息（耶25:8-11；29:10）。这意味着在过去的500年里，犹太人一直违背神安息年的律法。

In this chapter, the Lord gave Moses instructions concerning three holy things: the holy oil for the lampstand (Lev. 24:1–4), the holy bread for the table (vv. 5–9), and the holy name of the Lord, which all the people were to honor (vv. 10–23). Three important responsibilities “before the Lord” (vv. 3, 6, 8) are given in this chapter.

在本篇章中，耶和华给予摩西关于三件圣物的指示：点精金灯台的圣油（利24:1-4）、精金桌子的圣饼（5-9节），还有众百姓当尊的圣名（10-23节）。这里也讲述“在耶和华面前”须行的三个重要职责（3，6，8节）。

Providing the Oil 奉献圣油 (1–4).

Only God and the priests saw the light, but the lamps had to be kept shining, for there was no other source of light in the Holy of Holies. The purest olive oil had to be used, supplied by the people themselves. Do we today, as God’s people, help the light of the church to keep shining continually (Rev. 1:20)?

只有神和祭司才能看见油灯，但灯仍必须持续点燃，因至圣所里再无其它光源的存在。祭司必须用最纯净的橄榄油点灯，而油必须由百姓奉献。今天，作为神子民的我们是否在帮助教会的灯持续照耀呢（启1:20）？

Presenting the Bread 献上圣饼 (5–9).

Twelve loaves were put on the table each Sabbath, and then the old loaves were given to the priests to eat. They were a reminder that God fed the twelve tribes both physically and spiritually, and that they in turn were to feed the world the truth about the Lord.

祭司每逢安息日都要在精金桌子摆上12个饼，而旧饼要给祭司们食用。这是要提醒他们神供应了十二支派的物质和灵性上的需要，而他们也要以主的真相喂养世界。

Protecting the Name 守护圣名 (10–23).

The man could not be blamed for his parentage, but he could be blamed for blaspheming. Would someone with Egyptian ancestry glorify Israel’s God? (See Exod. 5:2.) Like Moses, we should wait on God for direction (James 1:5). It was a capital offense, and the man was stoned to death. God emphasized again the basic principle that He stated in Exodus 21: equal justice and not personal vengeance.

那人的罪与身世无关，乃因他亵渎神的名。拥有埃及先祖的人是否能荣耀以色列的神？（见出5:2）如摩西一样，我们应该等候神的指示（各1:5）。亵渎神是死罪，而那人最后被石头砸死了。神再次强调祂在出埃及记21章中所立的基本原则：律法面前人人平等，不得用于个人恩怨。

Praying the Scripture 用经文祷告

1. Since there were no windows in the tabernacle, it was necessary to have light in the holy place so the priests could see as they ministered there. Every morning and evening, when the high priest burned incense on the golden altar, he was to care for the lights on the lampstand to make sure they would continue to burn. The commandment in Leviticus 24:1–4 emphasized two essentials: (1) the people of Israel had to provide the olive oil regularly, and (2) it had to be pure beaten olive oil (Ex. 27:20–21). Is your light shining continuously among your family, friends and neighbors?

帐幕里没有窗户，所以必须有光源，叫祭司事奉时得以看见。每日早晨和傍晚，当大祭司在金坛烧香时，他也要经理灯台，确保灯常常点燃。利未记24:1-4中的诫命强调两个要点：（1）以色列人民必须定期献上橄榄油，而（2）橄榄油必须是纯净的（出27:20-21）。你的光是否持续不断地在你的家人、朋友及邻舍中照耀？

2. Not only were the people to bring the pure olive oil for the lamp, but also they were to bring the fine flour out of which twelve loaves of bread were baked each week. These were put on the golden table each Sabbath. What did this symbolize? Only the priests (the tribe of Levi) were allowed in the holy place, but the other tribes were represented there in two ways: by the jewels on the high priest’s garments (Ex. 28:6–21), and by the twelve loaves on the table. The table was called “the table of shewbread” (Num. 4:7), and the loaves were called “shewbread” (Ex. 25:30), which can be translated “bread of presence.” God was present with His people and they were in His presence in the tabernacle.

百姓不仅需要奉献纯橄榄油，也需带上细面制作每个安息日摆列在精金桌子上的12个圣饼。这象征什么？只有祭司（利未支派）才能进入圣所，但其它支派是以两种方式被代表出现在圣所里：大祭司圣衣上的宝石（出28:6-21），及桌子上的12个圣饼。这桌子也被称为“陈设饼的桌子”（民4:7），而饼也称“陈设饼”（出25:30），可译为“存在象征的饼”。神与祂的子民同在，而他们在帐幕里也与神同在。

The Sabbath 安息日 (Lev. 23:1–3)

Sabbath was an important day for the Jewish people, and they were expected to honor it. To dishonor it meant death (Num. 15:32–36).

安息日对犹太人来说是一个必须遵守的重要日子。不遵守此日将带来死亡（民15:32-36）。

Passover: Christ Died For Our Sins 逾越节：基督为我们的罪钉死 (Lev. 23:4–5)

Passover is Israel’s feast of deliverance and the key passage is Exodus 12. The innocent lamb died for the firstborn; because the blood of the lamb was applied to the door by faith, the firstborn sons were safe. This was “the Lord’s passover” and the only means of deliverance that He provided that awesome night when the death angel visited Egypt. To reject the blood of the lamb was to accept judgment and death.

逾越节是以色列获得拯救的盛宴，而出埃及记第12章就是焦点经文。无辜的羔羊为长子代死；由于百姓凭着信心将羔羊的血涂抹在门上，长子因此得以保全。这是“耶和华的逾越节”，是耶和华在死亡的使者来到埃及的那可怕夜晚所给予的唯一救赎。拒绝羔羊的血同等于承受审判与死亡。

Unleavened Bread: Separation From Sin 无酵饼：与罪隔绝 (Lev. 23:6–8)

For seven days following Passover, the Jews ate only unleavened bread with their meals, and they carefully cleansed all the yeast out of their homes (Ex. 12:15–20). Leaven depicts sin. Thus the putting away of leaven illustrates the cleansing of one’s life after he or she has been saved through faith in the blood (2 Cor. 6:14–7:1).

在为期七天的逾越节里，犹太人只能以无酵饼为食，也必须把家中所有的酵母仔细地清洗除掉（出12:15-20）。酵象征罪。因此，除去酵勾画的是一人藉着信心在基督的宝血里得救后，洁净自己的生命（林后6:14-7:1）。

Firstfruits: Christ Raised From The Dead 初熟的庄稼：基督从死里复活 (Lev. 23:9–14)

The day after the Sabbath that followed Passover, which would be the first day of the week, the priest took the first sheaf of barley from the field and waved it as an offering before the Lord. It was a token that the first and the best belonged to God, and it was done before Israel reaped the harvest for themselves (Ex. 23:19; Neh. 10:34–37; Prov. 3:9). It was also an expression of gratitude to the Lord for giving the harvest and supplying their daily bread.

逾越节后第一个安息日的次日，就是一周的初日，祭司要将初熟的庄稼一捆在耶和华面前摇一摇献给耶和华。以色列人在为自己收割庄稼前先把初熟之物献上给耶和华，以表示初熟和佳物都归于祂（出23:19；尼10:34-37；箴3:9）。这也是他们向主在庄稼收成和每日饮食上的供应所表达的感恩之意。

Pentecost: Birthday Of The Church 五旬节：教会的生日 (Lev. 23:15–21)

This special day was also called “the Feast of Weeks,” because it was celebrated seven weeks after firstfruits. The word “Pentecost” means “fiftieth,” and since the feast was held seven weeks after firstfruits, it too was on the first day of the week, the Lord’s Day. Each Lord’s Day commemorates the resurrection of Christ, the coming of the Spirit, and the birth of the church。

这个特殊的日子也被称为“七七节”，因为这是在献禾捆为摇祭的第七个安息日后所庆祝的。“五旬节”的意思是“五十”；既然这日是在献上初熟之物的七周后举行，所以这日也是一周的初日，即主日。所以，我们每个主日都纪念基督复活、圣灵降临和教会的诞生。

Trumpets: The Calling Of God’s People 吹角：神子民的呼召 ( (Lev. 23:23–25)

The Feast of Trumpets was held on the first day of the seventh month and ushered in the new civil year (Rosh Hashanah, “the head of the year”). The sacrifices for the Feast of Trumpets are listed in Numbers 29:1–6. The Hebrew word for “seven” comes from a root word that means “to be full, to be satisfied.

吹角日是在第七个月的第一天举行，并迎来新的一年（犹太新年，“头年”）。吹角日的献祭已在民数记29:1-6列出。希伯来文的“七”来自“充足、满足”的根词。

The Day of Atonement: Forgiveness 赎罪日：饶恕 (Lev. 23:20–32)

Note here the emphasis on the people afflicting their souls (fasting, praying, confessing sin) and abstaining from all work. This is also a prophetic message to the Day of Atonement. After Israel is gathered to her land, the Jews will see their rejected Messiah, repent of their sins (Zech. 12:10–13:1), and be cleansed.

注意这里强调百姓们要刻苦己心（禁食、祷告、认罪），也不可做任何工作。这也是对赎罪日所做出的预言。以色列回到她的土地后，犹太人将看见自己所拒绝的弥赛亚，为自己的罪悔改（亚12:10-13:1），并得洁净。

Tabernacles: The Joy Of The Lord 住棚节：神的喜悦 (Lev. 23:33–44)

The Feast of Tabernacles (Booths) reminded Israel of God’s blessings in the past (vv. 42–43). He had led them out of Egyptian bondage, cared for them in the wilderness, and brought them into their promised inheritance.

住棚节（帐篷）提醒以色列人神过去对他们的祝福（42-43节）。神带领他们脱离埃及的束缚，在旷野中看顾他们，并将他们带入应许之地。